What is Burning in the Feet?

Burning feet, often described as a hot, tingling, or prickling sensation, is a common and often distressing symptom that can significantly impact daily life.

While the most well-known cause is peripheral neuropathy, particularly linked to uncontrolled diabetes, many people are unaware that seemingly simple nutritional deficiencies can also be a primary culprit.

Understanding these underlying deficiencies is crucial for correct diagnosis and effective treatment.

Which Deficiency May Cause Burning in the Feet?

The most frequently implicated nutritional deficiency in causing a burning feet sensation is a lack of certain B vitamins. These vitamins are vital for the health and proper functioning of the peripheral nerves, which transmit signals between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body.

When these vitamins are insufficient, the nerves can become damaged, leading to the painful burning sensation.

1. Vitamin B12​ (Cobalamin) Deficiency: This is perhaps the most common nutritional deficiency leading to peripheral neuropathy. Vitamin B12​ is essential for the formation of the myelin sheath—the protective coating around nerve fibers. A deficiency impairs the nerve’s ability to transmit signals properly and can lead to irreversible damage if not addressed. Symptoms often include burning, tingling, and numbness, especially in the feet and hands, along with difficulty walking and fatigue.

2. Vitamin B1​ (Thiamine) Deficiency: Thiamine plays a critical role in glucose metabolism and energy production within nerve cells. Chronic alcoholism and malnutrition are key factors leading to thiamine deficiency, which can result in a condition called Dry Beriberi. A hallmark of this condition is peripheral neuropathy, manifesting as burning or painful paresthesia (abnormal sensations) in the extremities.

3. Vitamin B6​ (Pyridoxine) Deficiency (and Toxicity): While a deficiency of Vitamin B6​ is less common, it can cause peripheral neuropathy. Interestingly, and perhaps counterintuitively, excessive intake (toxicity) of B6​, often from high-dose supplements, is a more recognized cause of sensory neuropathy, including burning feet. This highlights the importance of maintaining an appropriate balance of all vitamins.

4. Folic Acid (Vitamin B9​) Deficiency: Folic acid works closely with Vitamin B12​ to support nerve function. A deficiency can contribute to nerve damage and the associated symptoms of burning or painful extremities.

5. Other Potential Deficiencies

• Magnesium: This mineral is vital for thousands of bodily functions, including nerve signaling. A severe deficiency can contribute to neuromuscular issues.
• Copper: Copper deficiency, often secondary to high zinc supplementation, can lead to nerve damage and myelopathy, causing gait issues and burning sensations.
• Iron (in severe anemia): While not a direct cause of burning feet, severe iron deficiency can cause a variety of neurological symptoms that may include restless legs and paresthesia.

If you are experiencing persistent burning in your feet, it is important to consult a healthcare professional. They can perform blood tests to check your vitamin and mineral levels and determine if a nutritional deficiency is the cause of your symptoms.

Conclusion

Burning in the feet is a symptom that demands attention. While diabetes-related neuropathy is the leading cause, never overlook the critical role of essential nutrients.

Deficiencies in Vitamin B12​, B1​, and other B vitamins are highly treatable causes of peripheral neuropathy. Early diagnosis and supplementation can often alleviate the symptoms and prevent long-term nerve damage, turning a painful daily struggle into a manageable health condition.

Dr. Navin Tiwari
Consulting Neurologist